ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the content of nitric oxide and blood flow in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs, so as to further investigate the mechanism of allergic rhinitis. Methods: One hundred and twenty guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group (injected with normal saline) and allergic group (nasal challenge with egg albumin). The guinea pigs were executed before and immediately, 24, 48, 72 h after the last nasal challenge; the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the content of nitric oxide were examined in mucosa tissues. The blood flow in the nasal mucosa was determined in animals before execution. Linear regression correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the nitric oxide content and blood flow in nasal mucosa. Results: The immunostaining for iNOS in surface epithelium of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs was markedly stronger than that of normal guinea pigs at all time points (P<0.01); immunostaining of eNOS was similar in the 2 groups. Compared with those in normal guinea pigs, the content of NO and blood flow increased significantly before the last challenge with allergen (P<0.01), decreased significantly immediately after the last nasal challenge (P<0.01), and then increased gradually and restored the normal level 72 h later; there was no significant difference in control group before and after challenge. The content of NO and blood flow in nasal mucosa was linearly correlated with each other in allergic group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Overexpression of iNOS protein in the nasal mucosa of allergic guinea pigs may increase local NO content and subsequently increase the blood flow in local nasal mucosa.
ABSTRACT
The current status and latest advances in new technique pseudophase biochromatography are reviewed. After brief introduction to the principle of new technique pseudophase biochromatography, the nature and various influence factors including the compositions, the types of new technique pseudophase biochromatography system are summarized in detail and the aspects of the future applications biochromatography in life science are described.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Biotechnology , Methods , Chromatography, Liquid , Methods , Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary , Methods , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Methods , Lipid Bilayers , Chemistry , Liposomes , RetinoidsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the intranasal surface localization of the lacrimal sac in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen adult cadavers (30 sides) were studied, the data of projection position of the lacrimal sac on the lateral wall of nasal cavity were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 2/3 cadavers, the lacrimal sac is located above the axilla of the middle turbinate, and 1/3 lies below it. A majority of the lacrimal sac (2/3) are located below the entry point of the common lacrimal canaliculus, about 1/3 lies above it. Inner canthal ligament projects on the middle of the lacrimal sac, almost equal to the level of common lacrimal canaliculus. Thirty-two cases (thirty-nine sides) of chronic dacryocystitis were followed-up > 6 months after operation. Thirty-five sides were cured, 2 sides improved and 2 sides ineffective. The cure rate was 89.8%, improve rate 5.1% and ineffective rate 5.1%, respectively, and the total effective rate was 94.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The central position of dacryocystorhinostomy should be 0.2 cm above the front of the axilla of the middle turbinate, to make an curved mucous membrane incision 0.8 cm above and 0. 4 cm below the front of the axilla of the middle turbinate and bone ostium about 1.2 cm x 1.0 cm. It is the best position in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Locating the inner canthal ligament with a bayonet type forceps to find the projection of lacrimal sac is also a simple and easy method.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anatomy, Regional , Chronic Disease , Dacryocystitis , General Surgery , Dacryocystorhinostomy , Methods , Endoscopy , Nasolacrimal Duct , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the application of IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) in epidemiological studies of tuberculosis and to discuss the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in different regions in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, with a total number of 158 isolates, were subjected to IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping and MIRU.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of patterns produced by IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping, and MIRU typing were 118, 20 and 105 respectively. The discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP was higher than that of Spoligotyping. However, when the copies of IS6110 were lower than 10, the discriminatory power of Spoligotyping improved obviously. The discriminatory power of MIRU typing was close to that of IS6110-RFLP for typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In MIRU loci, there were four loci (loci 4, 10, 26, 40) with higher diversity. Significant differences among the Mycobacterium tuberculosis between Guangdong and other regions in clustered rate and the proportion of Beijing genotype (P < 0.05) were found. The clustered rates and the proportion of Beijing genotype in Guangdong were lower than that in other regions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study indicated that either IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping or MIRU technique was useful for epidemiological studies on tuberculosis in China and the strains in different regions had different characterishes in China.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Epidemiology , DNA Fingerprinting , Methods , DNA, Bacterial , Genetics , Molecular Epidemiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Classification , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Tuberculosis , Epidemiology , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the epidemic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Beijing, Guangdong and Ningxia, and to determine M. tuberculosis strains of the "Beijing Family".</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and six IS6110 DNA fingerprinting patterns of M. tuberculosis strains from three provinces (city) were transferred to digital data, compared with the world M. tuberculosis DNA fingerprinting database, and then clustered by Gel compare 4.1 software. The clustering values in different patients with tuberculosis were compared by chi(2) test. Risk factors for recent transmission were calculated using odd ratios.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No M. tuberculosis strains were found the same as those of DNA fingerprint database. 56.8% (117/206) fingerprinting patterns of M. tuberculosis shared by least two-thirds of the IS6110 fragments and their Spoligotyping fingerprinting patterns were consistent with those of M.tuberculosis strains of the "Beijing Family". There were significant differences between female and male, different age groups (< 42 years old) and older (>or= 42 years old) (P < 0.05). Odd ratio was 5.06 in the group younger than 42 years old (95% CI: 1.00 - 34.34) and was 4.43 (95% CI: 0.94 - 28.76) in males.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>M. tuberculosis strains of "Beijing Family" were popular in Beijing, Guangdong and Ningxia. Men and younger age group (< 42) were shown to be infected by identical strains more often than women and older aged which might play an important role in the recent transmission of tuberculosis in these areas. IS6110 DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis could be used to trace the source of tuberculosis infection.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Age Factors , China , Epidemiology , Cluster Analysis , DNA Fingerprinting , Methods , DNA, Bacterial , Genetics , Databases, Nucleic Acid , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Classification , Genetics , Odds Ratio , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Polymorphism, Genetic , Sex Factors , Tuberculosis , Epidemiology , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective:To examine the expression of nitric oxide synthase(NOS),the content of nitric oxide and blood flow in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs,so as to further investigate the mechanism of allergic rhinitis.Methods:One hundred and twenty guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group(injected with normal saline)and allergic group(nasal challenge with egg albumin).The guinea pigs were executed before and immediately,24,48,72 h after the last nasal challenge;the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and the content of nitric oxide were examined in mucosa tissues.The blood flow in the nasal mucosa was determined in animals before execution.Linear regression correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the nitric oxide content and blood flow in nasal mucosa.Results:The immunostaining for iNOS in surface epithelium of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs was markedly stronger than that of normal guinea pigs at all time points(P